Force majeure
Companies declare force majeure when they want to get out of or renegotiate contracts because something really big, really bad, and really unavoidable has occured. Some oil companies are declaring force majeure in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster, as a moratorium on Gulf of Mexico drilling may be enacted.
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Expanded Definition
Most contracts contain a standard force majeure clause allowing an out if something like a terrorist attack or natural disaster makes it impossible for one party to fulfill the contract. One example often given is: If lightning strikes and burns down a house that one person had already contracted to buy from another, neither party is responsible for fulfilling their end of the contract.
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